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Fenizic and Mounist Titles and Denominations

These titles are collected from different encyclopedias, dictionaries and relevant books. The collection does not claim completeness.

Fränkisch
(= Jerman, Gardlan)
Ingallish Explanation
Ag(h)a   officer, general
Atabeg   Military Commander and instructor of Seldjukish princes
Beglerbeg
+ Sandschakbeg (mil./ziv. Verw.)
++ (?)
Beglerbeg
+ Sandshakbeg (mil./civ. admin.)
++ (?)
  1. (first phase) Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
  2. (second phase) Lieutenant of a wilayat (cf. Wali)
    + several Sandshaks
    ++ several Timars
Begum Begum Princess
Bei, (türk.) Bey, (pers.) Beg Bey Lord; honorary title for small tribal chiefs, noblemen, mil. and civ. officers
Beylik   district of a Bey
Chan, (türk.) Han Khan, Han Ruler
Defterdar   Treasurer, officer or Minister of Finances
Divan   Council
Dragoman   court interpreter
Ef(f)endi  
  1. Sir, Esquire (common address for strangers? cf. "Kara Ben Nemsi Effendi")
  2. title of the Sheikh-ul-Islam
Emir (Amir) Emir Prince, Head of tribe (cf. Emirate of Cordoba)
only as vassal, not independent
Emirat Emirate district of an Emir
Faqih (<-> Fakir?!)
(pl. fuqaha, Gesamtheit = ulema)
Faqih (<-> Fakir?!)
(pl. fuqaha, entity = ulema)
Sunni lawyer
Ferman, Firman   Order of the Sultan (issued by the Grand Vizier), e.g. passport
Ghazi   Warrior of Faith
Giaur   Infidel
(Groß-) Mogul (Grand) Mogool "mongol" ruler (in India)
Großmufti Grand Mufti Mufti of Istanbul (Sheikh-ul-Islam), member of the government, equal in rank to the Grand Vizier
Großscheich Grand Sheikh Religious leader of the Sunnits, head of the Al-Azhar University in Cairo, ranks as a minister
Großwesir Grand Vizier Supreme (Prime) minister, proxy to the Sultan
(türk.) Han, Chan Han, Khan Ruler
Harem (arab. Haram)   Harem
Ilchan   Tribal prince (of a dynasty founded by Hülägü), vassal (cf. Chan)
Imam  
  1. Leader, Ideal
  2. leader in prayer
  3. ruler of Saana
  4. synonym for, or honorary title of, the Caliph
  5. honorary title for important theologists and lawyers
Kadi   Judge (needs the legal opinion of a Mufti), Notary
(only in bigger, central towns/cities)
partially responsible for taxes, mobilization
supervision of crafts, markets, buildings, religion
Kadiasker   Judge of the Army, Minister of Justice, supreme judge
Kalif Caliph Successor, political/religious successor to the Prophet
only 1: Baghdad -> Kairo -> Istanbul
Kapudan Pascha kapudan Pasha Grand Admiral, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy
Kislar Aga   Lord of the Girls (in the harem)
Medina   old town of a city; fortified town/city
Medresse   religious school, mostly at a Mosque
Molla (Mulla)
+ Hodscha
++ Ayatollah
+++ Mardscha (<-> Maharadscha!?)
Mollah (Moollah)
+ Hodja
++ Ayatollah
+++ Mardjah (<-> Maharadja!?)
("Lord, Master") Shia lawyer
+ higher rank
++ higher rank (Aja = Sign, Allah = God, a very deserving theologist)
+++ higher rank
Mufti  
  1. Lawyer
    (for each Sandshak), produces Fetwahs (legal and ethical opinions)
  2. Mufti of Istanbul = Sheikh-ul-Islam (see Scheich)
Nischandschi Nishandji Secretary
Padischah, Großherr Padishah Grand Lord, Grand Turk (Title of the Sultan)
Pascha Pasha
  1. honorary title
  2. title of the crown prince and the princes
  3. (later) Lieutenant, supreme officer, e.g. Vizier
Rabat, Ribat   fort, fortified monastery; suburb?
Radscha; Radschas Raja; Rajas Herd; Subjects
Sandschakbeg Sandjakbeg chief officer of a Sandjak (subdivision of a wilayat)
Serail  
  1. Court (palace) of the Sultan
  2. Court (household) of the Sultan
Scheich, Scheik Sheikh
  1. Nomad tribe chief, Village Senior
  2. Honorary title for scholars and clergymen
  3. Sheikh-ul-Islam = Mufti of Istanbul:
    "pope" of the islam, position equivalent to Grand Vizier ("prime minister"), supreme religious authority, was able to invalidate laws of the Sultan
    leader of the Ulema
Sherif/Sharif   Title of the successors of the Prophet
Sultan   Ruler
Sultanin Sultanah Lady Ruler, or Ruler's wife
Tschausch Tchauch non-commissioned officer or adequate civil officer
Ulema   all the clergymen
Umma   all the fidels
Valideh   Mother of the Sultan
Wali Vali chief officer of a wilayat
Wesir Vizier Minister (first phase in Ottoman realm: 1, second phase: 4, one of them = Grand Vizier)

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© by Winfried Schroedter - last update of this page on 11. November 2006 00:52 Westeuropäische Normalzeit